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The ZAP-X is a novel first-of-its-kind self-shielded therapeutic radiation device dedicated to brain radiosurgery developed by Zap Surgical Systems Inc., San Carlos, California. It is the brainchild of Prof. John Adler who was key to the development of Cyberknife robotic radiosurgery. It has a 3 MeV linear accelerator mounted within a combination of yoked gimbals, each of which accurately rotates around a common isocentre, thus allowing >2π steradian solid angle beam coverage. The unique collimator design of the ZAP-X is critical to the performance of the overall system. The collimator consists of a shielded tungsten wheel oriented with its rotational axis perpendicular to the beam’s central axis; the goal of this design is to minimize radiation leakage.
To simultaneously optimize dose fall-off and conformality, ZAP-X’s dual independent gantries allow for an unparalleled spherical workspace and simple delivery of >1000 unique non-coplanar beam angles – not as an exception, but as routine clinical practice.
Utilizing a tungsten-shielded circular collimation system, ZAP-X lowers radiation leakage to less than 0.002% of the primary beam. Compared to the 3.00% maximum potential leakage of multi-purpose platforms, ZAP-X aims to strictly limit healthy brain exposure and lower the risk of inducing patient neurocognitive deficit.
Schematic Drawing
Special Collimator System
Source to Target Distance is 45 Cm
ZAP-X is ‘self-shielded’ in the sense that nearly all radiation is contained within the device, allowing it to be used safely without a radiation therapy vault. Under standard operating conditions, at 1 metre distance from the perimeter of the device, the maximum expected radiation equivalent dose level is below 1mSv/year, which is equivalent to the limit for public exposure.
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